DETUNE REVIEW WINDOWSNeural oscillations establish intermittent windows of high and low excitability, giving rise to a time-dependent response of the system to the inputs from other brain regions. In the brain, synaptic interactions lead to correlated activity of the neurons and the appearance of successive epochs of high and low excitability, characterized by collective neuronal oscillations in different frequency bands. One interesting and widespread proposal is that in the presence of neural oscillations, communication patterns can be controlled by adjusting the phase relationship between local oscillations of different brain regions. However, the circuit and the dynamical mechanism explaining the fast reconfiguration of the effective pattern of communication and the information transfer in the neural systems have so far not been satisfactorily understood. All these stages depend on the flexibility in the information routing, as well as in an efficient communication between different regions of the nervous system. Through extensive numerical simulations, as well as analytical results with reduced models, we show that these parameters have two essential impacts on the effective connectivity of neural networks: First, that the populations advancing in phase to others do not necessarily play the role of the information source and second, that the amount and direction of information transfer dependents on the oscillation frequency of the populations.Ī typical sensory response process in the nervous system consists of the active selection of relevant inputs, the segregation of the different features of the input, and the integration of the information leading to the right action. In this manuscript, we concentrate on the role that the connection delay and the oscillation frequency of the populations play in the signal transmission, and consequently in the effective connectivity, between two brain areas. Despite this delay plays an essential role in CTC theory, its role has been mostly overlooked in previous studies. In this respect, an important factor is the delay in the transmission of signals from one region to another that affects the phase difference and timing, and consequently the impact of the signals. Based on the communication through coherence (CTC) theory, the adjustment of the phase difference between local oscillations of connected areas can specify the timing of exchanged signals and therefore, the efficacy of the communication channels. Oscillations periodically modulate the excitability of neurons and determine the response of those areas receiving the signals. Many evidences highlight the role that brain oscillations play in signal transmission, the control of the effective communication between brain areas, and the integration of information processed by different specialized regions. Collective dynamics in brain networks are characterized by a coordinated activity of their constituent neurons that lead to brain oscillations.
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